EXTRATOS VEGETAIS E MANIPUEIRA NO CONTROLE DE Meloidogyne javanica EM JILOEIRO (Solanum gilo)

Abstract

The meloidoginose is one of the main diseases of eggplant which causes significant reduction in performance. In conditions of high nematode population, it may lead to abandonment of the cultivation activity of this vegetable. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the plant extracts and manipueira on the control of Meloidogyne javanica in eggplant. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Each plot consisted of a plastic pot, containing 1 L of soil and sand (3:1) autoclaved, containing an eggplant seedling with 35 days inoculated with 5000 M. javanica eggs. The following treatments were applied: 1) control (50 mL of distilled water), 2) lemongrass plant extract (ECL 50 mL, 0.3 g.mL-1), 3) manipueira (RMA 50 mL, 0.3 g.mL-1), 4) saint mary's wort plant extract (EESM 50 mL, 0.3 g.mL-1), 5) castor bean plant extract (EM 50 mL, 0.3 g.mL-1). It used the completely randomized experimental design (DIC) composed of five treatments and seven repetitions, totaling 35 experimental units. After 60 days, the vegetative variables were evaluated: plant height (ALT), shoot (MFPA) and root fresh matter mass (MFR), shoot dry matter mass (MSPA) and nematological variables: gall index (IG) and number of eggs (NO). The data were analyzed using the ASSISTAT statistical program, using the Tukey test at 5%. There was no statistical difference for ALT, MFPA, MFR and MSPA. However, the EESM (NO = 59,040 eggs) reduced the number of nematode eggs by 57.51% in relation to the control treatment (138,960 eggs). The ECL (NO = 71,725) with 48.38%, RMA (NO = 70,697) with 49.12% and EM (NO = 85,440) with 38.51% were statistically equal. The effect of the largest reduction of eggs by EESM was probably due to the compounds: (Z)–ascaridol, ρ-cimene and isoascaridol, what in other studies demonstrated nematicidal action. It was concluded that the EESM was more efficient in reducing M. javanica population, and the eggplant producer can use it as an alternative for nematode control.