PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DA SILAGEM PROVENIENTE DO CONSÓRCIO DE MILHO E SOJA

Abstract

Production systems that use diverse plant species in the same area, such as crop intercropping, are efficient and sustainable farming practices that aim high yields. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the yield and silage obtained from intercropping between corn and soybean crops, under the effects of spatial arrangements and types of fertilizers. The research was carried out from October 2015 to June 2016 in the experimental area of IF Goiano - Rio Verde, Goiás, in two factorial schemes. In the first one (2x2+1) two varieties of soybean (medium and late cycle) intercropped with maize and two types of sowing fertilization (only corn; and in corn and soybean together) plus the control characterized by monoculture were tested. In the second factorial scheme (2x2+1) two sowing fertilization doses(100 and 70 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and K2O and 150 and 95 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and K2O) and two sowing fertilization types (100 and 70 kg ha-1) were tested (only maize, and corn and soy together) plus the corn monoculture. Both factorial schemes were implemented in two population arrangements named: trial (1) represented by the arrangement of a corn line interspersed with a soybean line; and assay (2) called arrangement of two corn rows interspersed with one soybean row. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. After harvest the agronomic characteristics and productive components were analyzed, and the material was ensiled for 60 days and the bromatological and fermentative analyzes were performed. Regardless of the intercropping plants arrangement, soybean varieties and sowing fertilization, the yield of mixed silage was similar between corn-soybean intercropping and corn monoculture. The 150 and 95 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and K2O doses increased the soybean pods production in the ensiled mass. In general, in both experiments there was a nutritional improvement in the mixed silages, in relation to crude protein, ether extract and mineral matter, but in contrast increased losses during the fermentation process, as these silages tended to become wetter.