ARQUITETURA IOT PARA MONITORAMENTO DE CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS: OTIMIZAÇÃO DE TRANSMISSÃO DE DADOS EM SISTEMAS EMBARCADOS DE BAIXO CUSTO

Abstract

This study addresses the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for continuous monitoring of environmental variables, focusing on applications for controlled environments, such as agricultural greenhouses, considering cost constraints and hardware limitations. The research is motivated by the challenge of implementing accessible solutions capable of integrating sensing, communication, and data processing efficiently in resource-constrained environments. The main objective is to develop and evaluate a functional architecture capable of collecting, transmitting, and providing environmental data continuously. Methodologically, the study is classified as applied research, with a qualitative-quantitative approach, exploratory and descriptive objectives, and experimental procedures based on the construction of a functional prototype. The proposed solution integrates analog sensors, a Raspberry Pi-based gateway, MQTT communication protocol, and a cloud infrastructure for data storage and visualization. The results indicate that the system was able to maintain a continuous data flow with operational stability and low resource consumption, as well as significant improvements in transmission efficiency after optimization strategies were implemented. It is concluded that the proposed architecture is viable in controlled environments, although it presents limitations related to scalability, sensor accuracy, and the need for adjustments for large-scale applications.