Oscilações dos Preços do Milho e da Soja no Estado de Goiás

Abstract

Agribusiness is of great importance to the Brazilian economy, contributing to income generation, job creation, and the strengthening of exports. In this context, corn and soybeans stand out among the key agricultural commodities produced in the country, exerting significant influence on the agricultural market and various segments of the production chain. This study aimed to understand price fluctuations for corn and soybeans in the state of Goiás between 2014 and 2024, analyzing the main factors associated with these variations and their impacts on regional agribusiness. To this end, an exploratory bibliographic and documentary study was conducted, based on the analysis of secondary data and historical price series provided by the National Supply Company (CONAB). The results showed that the prices of these commodities exhibit high volatility, influenced by factors such as supply and demand, weather conditions, exchange rate fluctuations, production costs, international demand, and logistical instabilities. A significant price increase was observed between 2020 and 2022—a period associated with the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, currency depreciation, and strengthening international demand for grains. The study concludes that corn and soybean price trends resulted from the interplay of economic, climatic, and market factors, highlighting the importance of continuously monitoring these variables to support production planning, risk management, and decision-making in agribusiness. Keywords: corn; soybeans; agricultural commodities; price fluctuations; agribusiness; Goiás.