MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO DO FEIJÃO-COMUM (phaseolus vulgaris l.)

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume of great economic, social, and nutritional importance in Brazil, one of the world's largest producers and consumers of the crop. Despite its relevance, the crop is highly susceptible to diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, making genetic breeding an essential strategy for increasing productivity and cultivar resistance. This study aimed to present a review of the scientific literature on the genetic breeding of the common bean, highlighting the main methods employed and the advances achieved by breeding programs developed in Brazil. A bibliographic survey was conducted using scientific articles, journals, books, dissertations, theses, technical reports, and specialized websites. The review addressed conventional breeding methods, such as hybridization, as well as more advanced biotechnological tools, such as transgenesis and gene editing through CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The results show that genetic breeding remains fundamental for developing more productive, resistant cultivars adapted to the country's different soil and climate conditions.