NANOTECNOLOGIA APLICADA À SOJA: POTENCIAL FUNCIONAL DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE ÓXIDO DE ZINCO (ZnO) E FERRO (Fe₂O₃) - UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO

Abstract

The application of nanoparticles in agriculture has been investigated as a strategy to optimize nutritional efficiency and mitigate stress in economically important crops. In soybean (Glycine max L.), zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles have been associated with both beneficial effects and phytotoxic responses, depending on experimental conditions. This study consisted of a scoping review, conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and reported following the PRISMA-ScR checklist, with a protocol registered on the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/BYDSJ). The search was performed in Web of Science, Scopus, and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), resulting in 275 records, of which 29 studies fully met the eligibility criteria based on the PCC strategy. The analysis showed that the effects of nanoparticles are predominantly dose dependent. At low to moderate concentrations, increases in biomass, photosynthetic activity, modulation of the antioxidant system, and productivity gains were observed. In contrast, high doses were associated with oxidative stress, reduction of photosynthetic pigments, impairment of biological nitrogen fixation, and reproductive damage. The transition between adaptive response and phytotoxicity was mainly conditioned by dose, application route, and physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. Based on the findings, integrated criteria are proposed to differentiate nutritional effects from stress-inducing effects, contributing to a more consistent interpretation of the literature and to the rational use of these nanomaterials in soybean cultivation.