Risco de deficiência energética relativa no esporte (RED-S) em mulheres fisicamente ativas

Abstract

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a multifactorial condition associated with low energy availability, with physiological, metabolic, and psychobehavioral repercussions. Although it is frequently investigated in high-performance athletes, its occurrence among physically active women in the general population remains underexplored. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the presence of RED-S in physically active women, as well as to investigate its relationship with associated factors, seeking a more comprehensive understanding of this outcome. A total of 51 physically active women, aged between 18 and 59 years, participated in this study. Energy intake was estimated using 24-hour dietary recalls collected on three nonconsecutive days. Exercise energy expenditure was calculated based on the level of physical activity, and body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance, allowing the calculation of energy availability. In addition, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) were applied. Descriptive analyses, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and Spearman’s correlation were also performed. The mean energy availability was 42,32 kcal/kg FFM/day (±18), with a positive correlation observed with carbohydrate, protein, and lipid intake. However, the mean intake of carbohydrates and proteins was below recommended levels. No significant associations were identified between energy availability and the scores of the behavioral instruments. The results indicate the occurrence of risk or low energy availability among the participants, highlighting the complexity of screening for RED-S.