RESISTÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS À MOLÉCULA DO HERBICIDA GLIFOSATO NA CULTURA DA SOJA: MECANISMOS, OCORRÊNCIA E ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has become one of Brazil’s most important commodities, serving as a symbol of the economy through the generation of jobs and income. Its cultivation requires agricultural practices ranging from soil preparation to weed control. The use of the herbicide glyphosate for weed management is one of the main methods adopted in soybean production, especially in glyphosate-resistant soybean (RR – Roundup Ready). However, the continuous and intensified use of this herbicide, through the selection process, has exerted strong selective pressure on weed populations, leading to an explosive increase in resistant species in certain regions of the world. Understanding the evolutionary, genetic, and biochemical mechanisms that confer glyphosate resistance is essential for decision-making in soybean cultivation and management. Therefore, this review study aimed to deepen the characterization of the molecular mechanisms of resistance (TSR and NTSR) in key weed species affecting soybean, providing scientific support for the development of robust Integrated Weed Management (IWM) strategies. The results showed that resistance in some weed species present in soybean fields is a growing reality. Factors such as repeated use of the same mode of action and lack of crop rotation have favored the development of resistance, generating both environmental and economic impacts. The adoption of agricultural practices such as crop rotation, the use of bioinputs, and herbicide diversification are alternatives to mitigate the development and spread of glyphosate resistance.