DEFENSIVO BIOLÓGICO NO CONTROLE DA FERRUGEM-ASIÁTICA DA SOJA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of Brazil's main agricultural crops, with great economic and social relevance. However, its cultivation faces significant challenges related to phytosanitary management, especially in the control of Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, considered one of the most severe diseases affecting the crop. Given the environmental and health impacts caused by the intensive use of chemical pesticides, biological pesticides emerge as a sustainable and effective alternative. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the use of biological pesticides in controlling Asian soybean rust. The screening period for the search for papers was conducted between February and July 2025, resulting in the selection of 90 publications, of which 38 were retained. Data collection was performed using databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Periódico CAPES, PubMed, Scopus, and ResearchGate. This review allowed us to understand the potential of biological pesticides as a sustainable and effective alternative for controlling Asian soybean rust, one of the most severe diseases affecting this crop. The feasibility of using the biological agent Penicillium sp. as a complementary alternative to chemical management of Asian soybean rust was observed. The use of agents such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp. demonstrated promising results both in the direct suppression of the pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi and in the induction of systemic resistance in plants. Biological pesticides represent a promising tool for managing Asian soybean rust, but their effective use depends on public incentive policies, investment in research, and technical training to expand their adoption in the field and promote more sustainable and resilient agriculture.