RELATÓRIO DE ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR SUPERVISIONADO - CLÍNICA MÉDICA E CIRÚRGICA DE PEQUENOS ANIMAIS

Abstract

A one-year-and-one-month-old male, neutered, mixed-breed feline was admitted to a veterinary clinic with a history of urinary frequency and hematuria that had evolved over two days. During the physical examination, abdominal palpation revealed the presence of bladder stones and the patient was referred for an abdominal ultrasound, which confirmed the diagnosis of urolithiasis. Surgical treatment to remove the uroliths was performed and the material was sent for laboratory analysis, which indicated the presence of calcium oxalate, magnesium triple ammonium phosphate and urate. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) and struvite are the most common minerals found in feline uroliths, and urate, calcium phosphate, cystine and silica may also be present. Many factors contribute to the formation and composition of uroliths. Intrinsic factors include race, sex, age, and the presence of congenital anomalies. Extrinsic factors are mainly related to diet. Clinical signs vary according to the location, quantity of uroliths, and physical characteristics of the uroliths. However, signs such as pollakiuria, stranguria, hematuria, or a combination of these are indicative of lower urinary tract diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the presence of uroliths. Diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging tests. Treatment may be surgical or clinical, such as therapeutic diets to dissolve uroliths, voiding urohydropropulsion, intracorporeal laser lithotripsy, or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. In addition to treatment, prevention is recommended to avoid recurrences. Recommendations include diets with commercial therapeutic foods for feline urinary tract infections and strategies to increase water intake in these patients.