QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E PERCENTUAL DE DANOS MECÂNICOS EM SEMENTES DE SOJA ANTES E APÓS O CONDICIONAMENTO HÍDRICO

Abstract

With the population growth and increased demand for more food and inputs came a need for ever larger and more productive plantations. With this, investment in studies on the physiology of soybeans and other seeds, which are of paramount importance for planting, has become increasingly necessary, in order to contribute to the improvement of seeds, which can be modified and selected according to the need of each soil and climate, making it possible to select the seeds with the highest quality and most suitable to guarantee greater productivity. However, some of these tests may generate false results derived from damage that occurs due to the shock of dry seeds when they come into contact with a humid substrate. This damage can be avoided by using the water conditioning method, which consists of a slow increase in seed moisture through a humid atmosphere, in order to prevent this shock. In this way, the general objective was to analyze the physiological quality and percentage of mechanical damage in soybean seeds before and after water conditioning and the specific objectives were: To verify the percentage of mechanical damage and its effects in soybean seeds, from 5 lots of cultivar 73I75, processed with different water contents with and without water conditioning, using hypochlorite tests and tests to verify vigor, describe the dynamics of the physiological changes that occur through water conditioning and identify the potential for changes in analyzed batches. The experiment was conducted at the Seeds Laboratory of the Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Rio Verde in partnership with the company Uniggel Sementes LTDA. Five samples of soybean seed lots of cultivar 73I75, produced in the 2020/2021 harvest at the company, were used. After carrying out the tests and statistics, it was possible to visualize a small advantage, not very significant, of the seeds with conditioning over the seeds without conditioning in the tests of hypochlorite (H), normal seedlings (N), abnormal seedlings (A), emergence in sand (E) and first count in sand (PCE), with the difference of tests in sand being the most significant.