DEPENDÊNCIA ESPACIAL DOS ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO DA ESCOLA FAZENDA DO IF GOIANO- CAMPUS POSSE

Abstract

The Brazilian cerrado, due to its favorable characteristics, has become an important agricultural region. However, its soils often exhibit low fertility, which limits crop productivity. The adoption of precision agriculture, using variability maps, has proven crucial to optimize soil management and increase agricultural production in the region. Soil sampling in grid patterns, combined with georeferencing and geostatistical analysis, emerges as a fundamental tool to identify the spatial variability of soil attributes. This study aims to evaluate the spatial dependence of soil chemical attributes at the IF-Goiano Campus Posse Farm School, providing valuable insights to improve agricultural management in the region. The methodology involved the collection and analysis of soil samples at the Farm School near IF Goiano - Campus Posse. After demarcating the area, 500 sampling points were collected, with their coordinates recorded and transferred for computational analysis. Subsequently, 100 georeferenced sampling grids were created. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 10 cm, with five samples per point. Analyses were conducted for moisture, organic matter, pH, and the presence of heavy metals (copper, potassium, iron, and magnesium). The data were tabulated, statistically analyzed, and subjected to geostatistical analysis to identify spatial dependence among soil chemical attributes. The results reveal acidic soil with low fertility, indicating low levels of essential nutrients. Statistical analyses and maps show negative relationships among some elements, indicating that more toxic soils have lower levels of exchangeable bases. The analysis of spatial dependence indicates different ranges for the attributes, with the spherical model being the most accurate. The study also identifies areas with dispersion, low quantity, and leaching losses. These insights are crucial for developing more efficient agricultural strategies in the cerrado region