MÉTODOS CONVENCIONAIS DE TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA: EFICIÊNCIA, IMPACTO AMBIENTAL E PERSPECTIVAS

Abstract

The treatment of water plays a fundamental role in ensuring the population's access to potable water with the highest quality and safety possible. In this review, the most commonly used conventional methods, including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection, were analyzed. The operational principles of each method, as well as the main challenges and limitations associated with conventional water treatment, are addressed. Based on the established premise, a literature review was conducted, encompassing scientific articles, dissertations, and books. Specific authors whose contributions significantly stood out in the development of this study, notably Carlos A. Richter, Marcelo Libanio, and Léo Heller & Valter Lúcio de Pádua, are highlighted. The research of these authors played a crucial role, providing essential insights. Various sources of information, such as SciELO and Google Scholar, were utilized. Additionally, online repositories of universities, such as USP, were consulted, and both physical and digital books were used. It was possible to affirm that conventional water treatment is an effective practice to ensure the quality and safety of potable water. Despite the efficacy of these conventional methods, continuous research is crucial to seek improvements and innovations. Therefore, several studies proposing ways to enhance and develop more effective water treatment methods in preventing the formation of disinfection by-products, ensuring water safety, and minimizing environmental impacts were presented.