ENSINO DE MODELOS ATÔMICOS NA PERSPECTIVA VYGOTSKYANA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO ÂMBITO DO PROGRAMA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA

Abstract

This Course Work aimed to analyze the cognitive development of high school students at a State College in the Municipality of Rio Verde-GO, during Chemistry (atomistic) classes, based on the Vygotskian perspective, in order to highlight their contributions to the Chemistry teaching/learning process for students and teachers. In the first year of high school, it is the first time that students have contact with the subject of Chemistry alone, and there are many difficulties faced by them and teachers in learning and teaching Chemistry, whether due to the complexity of the subject or even due to prejudice, which creates an abyss between teacher and student. Therefore, it is necessary for the teacher to look for ways and new methodologies to bring students closer and interest them in studying the subject. The study with a qualitative approach of an investigative nature was developed in three moments, initially being a survey with the aim of identifying the student's Real Development Level (NRD), followed by the application of a dialogued class on atomic models and a practice using the mediation and collaboration of students based on what was identified with the survey. And finally, a seminar was presented to diagnose the adherence and functionality of the author's theories. The results of this work showed that Vygotsky's teaching/learning method contributes greatly to this process, but faces some obstacles, due to the central part of the method being based on mediation/interaction between student and teacher, requiring the teacher to act in Student's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Thus, it is revealed that Vygotsky's theory can contribute to the teaching-learning process, in addition to providing opportunities to expand the discussion about the author's ideas that are influencing research in Chemistry Teaching. However, it is essential to understand that each class is in a different scenario, and that each mediation will have to be adjusted to that reality.