MICRORGANISMOS SOLUBILIZADORES DE FÓSFORO (MSPs) NA CULTURA DA SOJA

Abstract

The microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium have the ability to solubilize unavailable phosphorus in the soil, promote plant growth, and improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect and performance of an inoculant composed of the strains B119 (Bacillus megaterium) and B2084 (Bacillus subtilis) on the growth, development, and productivity of soybeans, as well as the economic viability and efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer use. In this study conducted in Morrinhos, Goiás, Brasil, field and greenhouse experiments were carried out in 2022 and 2023. In the field, a control treatment was compared with the inoculation of strains B119 (Bacillus megaterium) and B2084 (Bacillus subtilis). In the greenhouse, different inoculants with Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum brasilense were evaluated. In the field experiment, a split-plot design was adopted, comprising two treatments with ten replications each (2x10). Conversely, in the greenhouse experiment, a completely randomized design was employed, consisting of four treatments with three replications each (4x3). The results showed that the inoculation with these bacteria increased plant stand, phosphorus uptake, number of nodes, and plant height at the end of the cycle. Additionally, it led to higher productivity and a return on investment of 94,12%. Evaluations of leaf chlorophyll index, aboveground biomass, and root biomass confirmed that the inoculation with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis is an excellent technique to improve the growth of soybean plants, especially the roots. Therefore, the inoculation of these strains is a sustainable technology that benefits growth, productivity, and the efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizers in soybean cultivation.