ÓLEO DA AMÊNDOA DE BARU (Dipteryx alata vog.) POR DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE EXTRAÇÃO

Abstract

There has been a growing interest to study the native species of the Cerrado in recent years. The cerrado stands out in the predominance of native products of interest, such as the baru almond (Dipteryx alata vog.), which its seed high lipid content turn it in a good energy source and viable for oil extraction. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the baru almond oil yield by different extraction methods, as well as determine its proximal composition, the phenolic activity, bioactive compounds, and fatty acid profile of baru almond oil extracted with organic and supercritical solvents. The baru almond proximal composition was rich in protein (22.01±0.43), lipids (37.13 ± 0.45 g/100 g), carbohydrate (32.06±0.16) and with low moisture content (5.05±0.32%). Regarding macro and micronutrients, the results found were N (53.4 g/kg), P (5.2 g/kg), K (14.3 g/kg), Ca (1.2 g/kg), Mg (1.5 g/kg), S (1.8 g/kg), Fe (66.5 mg/kg), Mn (21.8 mg/kg), Cu (21.5 mg/kg), Zn (31.1 mg/kg), B (9.3 mg/kg). Furthermore, the extraction method with the highest yield was Soxhlet extraction with hexane solvent (38.30% ± 0.47) followed by supercritical extraction with CO2 (30.36%) at 280 BAR and 40°C. It is observed that for supercritical extractions the highest pressure and lowest temperature were the best conditions. Among the advantages of using supercritical CO2 are the fact that it is not a toxic component, the reduction in extraction time and the maintenance of the oil chemical constituents. Regarding the study of flavonoids from baru almond oil extracted by supercritical CO2, at temperatures of 50 oC and 60 oC the flavonoid contents were higher (274.83 and 277.12 mg/100g, respectively). Additionally, the highest bioactive compound found in the samples was β-sistosterol (65 to 106 mg/100 g). The highest oleic acid yield was in the Soxhlet extraction, 54.34 mg/100g and the lowest by the Supercritical method 51.10 mg/100g, and more linoleic acid was obtained by the Supercritical method (28.56 mg/100g) and lower extraction by Soxhlet (21.73 mg/100g). In view of this, the growing demand for products rich in bioactive compounds encourage studies that explore foods that benefit their consumption and encourage the industrial exploration of alternative products with application in the industrial and commercial scope in the food, pharmaceutical and medicinal sectors.