POTENCIAL PRODUTIVO E RESISTÊNCIA À DOENÇAS FOLIARES DE VARIEDADES DE FEIJÃO COMUM CULTIVADAS NO OESTE CATARINENSE

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the crops of greatest nutritional, economic and cultural importance in Brazil. It is a crop susceptible to numerous diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses, constituting the main biotic factors that reduce the yield of the crop. The identification of varieties resistant to the main pathogens is a fundamental aspect for the successful cultivation of this legume. The identification of varieties with resistance provides additional protection, within an integrated control system, aiming at reducing the losses caused by diseases. Thus, the present study aimed to identify local populations of common beans with resistance to the main leaf diseases cultivated by family agriculture in western Santa Catarina. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Agronomy course of IFC – Concordia in a randomized complete block design, with 30 genotypes of common beans, four replications and two growing seasons: from September to December 2021 (Harvest) and January to April 2022 (Safrinha). The diseases were evaluated according to their natural occurrence and the severity was determined from the attribution of grades, according to diagrammatic scales specific to each disease. In addition to the severity, grain yield was determined from the production in the useful plot. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and, upon verification of significant differences between the varieties (p<0.05), their means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05). A Pearson correlation analysis was also performed between the variables analyzed. In the cultivation of the crop, the variety with the highest degree of resistance to anthracnose, bacterial crestamento and angular spot was the Preto Pequeno (AGB18), being one of the most productive. In the cultivation of the safrinha, the variety IFC12 (AGB15) presented the highest degree of resistance to anthracnose, bacterial crestamento and angular spot, besides being the most productive. Considering the harvest and the safrinha, the IFC12 (AGB15) variety obtained superior productivity, resistance to anthracnose and angular stain in both crops, and resistance to bacterial crestamento in the safrinha. Regarding the resistance to disease in the two crops, the variety AGB18 showed resistance to anthracnose, bacterial crestamento and angular spot; the variety AGB08 to anthracnose and bacterial crestamento and to the varieties AGB11, AGB15, AGB20, AGB21 and AGB27 to anthracnose and angular spot. In the correlation analysis, negative correlations were observed between bacterial crestamento and the number of grains per pod and yield and positive correlation for the weight of one thousand seeds. The work allowed the identification of local varieties resistant to the main leaf diseases that occur in the region, their productive potential and the correlation of the severity of the diseases with productivity, which can be beneficial to farmers, in the sense of being able to use varieties with greater productive potential and reduce the risks of loss of productivity resulting from the action of pathogens.