QUALIDADE QUÍMICA DO SOLO EM SISTEMA DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA, PECUÁRIA E FLORESTA E EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE USO DA TERRA EM MORRINHOS - GO

Abstract

Crop, livestock and forest integration systems (ILPF) have been widely studied, disseminated and used in Brazil as a new proposal for land use in Brazilian agriculture. In general, agricultural activity, when implemented incorrectly, can cause global problems that affect the terrestrial ecosystem, such as soil degradation and loss of biodiversity, especially in tropical countries where soil quality is directly linked to its functionality, highlighting the ability to maintain and sustain its biotic and abiotic capacity, providing growth and health to plants and animals. Objective of the present proposal is to evaluate the chemical quality of soil implanted in the ILPF system, when compared to pasture areas, grain monoculture, of Eucalipytus spp. and a regenerating forest. The planting of eucalyptus trees was carried out on January 23, 2018, in the middle of the rainy season. The ILPF spacing was arranged in rows of simple lines with a spacing of 4 x 10 meters with 5 plants per plot. For comparison purposes, crops located close to the ILPF were used, which are: pasture that does not undergo any type of management and is considered a degraded area prior to the implementation of the ILPF; pure crop composed of corn; Single-cropped eucalyptus with a spacing of 3 x 3 meters and a forest in natural regeneration. In November 2018, samples were collected from each stand in layers 0-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m in depth, with a deformed structure, at 4 points (repetitions). For the ILPF system, sampling was also carried out in the row of rows, at 2.5 m and 5.0 m from the row. The samples were sent to the Soil Laboratory of EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão for analysis in accordance with the soil analysis methods manual (EMBRAPA, 2017). The analyzed variables were: pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, MO, Al, H+Al, effective CTC and at pH=7, V and m %. The statistical analysis of the results of the two layers was carried out in a completely randomized design, considering the treatments as a split-plot scheme, with the vegetation cover as plots and the two soil sampling layers as subplots, and the collection points as replicates. Based on the interpretation of the ILPF data, it was shown to be superior in fertility, evidenced by a mean CTCefet and mean CTCpH=7, compared to other vegetable coverings. The pasture layer, which was considered degraded, underwent limestone application before soil collection. The ILPF system has fertility potential compared to other coverages.