UTILIZAÇÃO DE ENZIMAS EM RAÇÕES PARA FRANGOS

Abstract

Brazil has great prominence worldwide as a producer of chicken meat, and consecutively there is a great demand for feed, and the use of zootechnical additives that can help to reduce costs and improve the digestion of nutrients. In chicken diets, the use of exogenous enzymes is recommended, as their gastrointestinal system may not be able to produce endogenous enzymes necessary to meet the demand for nutrient degradation. The use of zootechnical additives increases every year in Brazil and worldwide. The additives are mostly derived from microorganisms, and the most used are enzymes, which are complex proteins and who can bind to specific substrates, breaking down the compounds, in general, can improve the digestibility of nutrients in the performance and efficiency and to reduce anti-nutritional effects of certain ingredients. There are different ways of applying the enzymes in the diets, in addition to being able to be isolated or by enzymatic complexes, which are the combination of two or more commercial enzymes, depending on the ingredient added in the diet. Diets may have some anti-nutritional factors, such as non-starch polysaccharides and phytate, which play a negative role in the metabolism of birds, being found in ingredients such as corn and soybean meal. The most used enzymes are phytase, carbohydrases, proteases and enzyme complexes. In general, carbohydrase breaks carbohydrate into simple sugar, degrading starch or non-starch polysaccharides (PNA's), phytases hydrolyze phytate and proteases catalyze peptide bonds. The most prominent enzyme is phytase, which is used in most of the world's research and recommended to use above 1,000 FTU/kg. The objective is to carry out a bibliographic review on the use of enzymes in feed for chickens.