INFLUÊNCIA DA ADUBAÇÃO NO CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO, POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIMICROBIANO EM PIMENTA ‘CAYENNE’ (Capsicum annuum)

Abstract

The interest in natural compounds with biological activity increased at the beginning of the 21st century and continues to grow to this day, due to the benefits due to these substances consumption for health as well as for food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and bioactive compounds in 'Cayenne' pepper (Capsicum annuum) that were fertilized with mineral, organic and organomineral fertilization. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks and consisted of five treatments (T1-Control, T2-NPK, T3-Bovine Manure, T4 -Bioactive and T5-BIOEF). Each treatment consisted of five replicates. At 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting, the growth characteristics were determined: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits, SPAD index, dry mass and gas exchange where photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), steamatic conductance (gs), relationship between internal and external carbon concentration (Ci:Ca) and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. To evaluate the primary, secondary metabolites and antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, pepper fruits were harvested with totally red epidermis coloration. After harvest the fruits were sanitized, dried at 40ºC and then milled in a knife mill. Then the hydroalcoholic extract was prepared and the analysis of phenolic compounds was performed with in vitro antioxidant activity by ABTS, DPPH and RAP radicals capturing methods; as well as antimicrobial activity by diffusion method with five bacteria (Escherichia coli 25922, Salmonella spp 10708, Staphylococcus aureus 24579, Bacillus cereus and Xanthomonas perforans), quantification of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid. The results show that fertilization with bovine manure and BIOEF positively influenced gas exchange and growth of pepper plants. Cayenne pepper has high concentrations of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid. Keywords: Capsicum annuum, bioactive compounds, organomineral, mineral nutrition.