OS PROCESSOS HISTÓRICOS DA FEMINIZAÇÃO DA PROFISSÃO DOCENTE: UMA ANÁLISE NO INTERIOR DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

Abstract

To understand the history of education it is necessary to understand the historical process of education development. Within these historical processes, it is from the nineteenth century, that the insertion of women in education occurred, this led to the occurrence of a large majority of female teachers, a fact observed even today in Basic Education. Thus resulting in a phenomenon that we call here the “feminization of education”, which is the target of our study. This article is based on a critical analysis about the changes that occurred in the teaching career, aiming to analyze how the insertion and the historical presence of women in Brazilian Education happened. For this, we conducted a qualitative research in the cities of Carmo do Rio Verde, Ceres and Rialma (state of Goiás), with teachers who teach at the State Network in the final stages of elementary school (6th to 9th grade) and high school. We used the resources of questionnaires and interviews with the semi-structured format for data collection. Thus, there was a bibliographic analysis together with a content analysis developed by Bardin, to evaluate the impacts of the theme and to discuss the collected data. In all, twenty teachers participated in the research, being: sixteen teachers answering the questionnaires and another four through the interviews. With the analysis of the data obtained by the research, it was possible to identify that the ties that link the feminine characteristics and the changes that occurred in the society with the women seeking a craft, influenced the insertion of the woman in the teaching career. These aspects, coupled with the departure of men from teaching to other professions, which were more financially advantageous, were directly related to the feminization process of teaching. Finally, the feminization of teaching was an important process for female protagonism in front of a profession and that its distinct as natural characteristics are relevant to the profession.