IMPACTO DA INOCULAÇÃO COM CEPAS DA BACTÉRIA Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SOBRE OS PROCESSOS FISIOLÓGICOS DE SOJA EXPOSTA À SECA

Abstract

Soybean is one of the most consumed and produced grains worldwide, carrying the economy of several countries, mainly the United States and Brazil. With agricultural expansion, soy production is found throughout the Brazilian region. Thus, understanding the great responsibility that Brazil has in soybean production and exportation, it is important to study the physiology of this cultivar so that we can stipulate methodologies and strategies to ensure soybean survival and productivity in current, summer, and future scenarios. , climate change and global warming. In one study, they simulated the effect of global warming on soybean cultivar and found that it is actually negative for soybean production and yield, as the limiting factor for production is water availability and in the current and future scenario, a higher frequency is observed. drought and water restriction. Thus, a strategy that plants take when under stress is stomatal closure, as it limits the loss of water to the atmosphere, but if it is a very prolonged and intense drought period it can cause damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, leading to the plant. until death. In order to circumvent these negative effects, some agricultural producers are using sustainable agricultural programs, for example, the use of plant growth promoting microorganisms, as they have the potential to mitigate the stress effect, mainly phytopathological, and increase productivity. Moreover, these microorganisms are found in the microbiota itself, making their use sustainable and practical. Therefore, we use the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV03 (BV03), prepare a syrup and homogenize the soybean seeds and sow in fertilized soil, with treatments: control (CT), water deficit (WD), control plus BV03 (CT + BV03) and water deficit plus BV03 (WD + BV03). The plants were subjected to treatments for 16 days and after this time we evaluated the water potential, leaf area and height, physiological parameters, pigment concentration and membrane damage. From this, we observed that the plants in WD + BV03, presented a higher photosynthesis in relation to the plants in WD, as well as greater efficiency in carboxylation and water use, thus, the BV03 was able to attenuate the damage caused by WD avoiding dehydration of tissues and maintaining the photosynthetic potential of plants. In this sense, BV03 has great potential for use in sustainable agricultural programs.