ESTRUTURAÇÃO DO PERFIL DO SOLO PARA INCREMENTO DE PRODUTIVIDADE DE SOJA

Abstract

Soybean is the main oilseed produced in the world, because it is rich in proteins, it becomes a raw material for processing animal feed, which derivates are for direct human consumption, and basis of numerous products from the chemical industry. And yet, alternative source for biofuel production. In this sense, the project aims to evaluate the soybean productivity submitted to different tillage systems associated with the corrective use, as a strategy of chemical and physical structuring of the soil profile, and to raise the productivity for roofs above 5,000 kg ha-1. An experiment with a cultivation history of over 25 years was performed, which it was considered an standard experimental unit used by farmers and four experimental units with mechanical interventions and corrective addition. The experiment was installed at Fazenda Rio Verdinho da Barra Grande, 17˚48'16 ”S; 51˚ 13'54 ”W, altitude 810 m, in the municipality of Rio Verde - GO. The treatments were applied on 15/04/2017 consist of: T1 soil cultivated 25 years ago with the addition of 5 Mg ha-1; T2 addition of 5 Mg ha-1 limestone and incorporation at 38 cm; T3 with 5 Mg ha-1 of limestone incorporated at 38 cm plus scarification at 45 cm; T4 limestone 5 Mg ha-1 incorporated at 38 cm + 2 Mg ha¹ Gypsum surface; T5 with 5 Mg ha-1 limestone + 3 Mg ha-1 poultry litter incorporated at 38 cm + 2 Mg ha-1 Gypsum surface and scarification at 45 cm, each treatment with 4 repetitions. On 04/11/2017, was sown and cultivated soybean 74I77 RSF IPRO (FOCO), spaced 50 cm, with distribution of 18 seeds per meter. The soybean harvest was held on 02/23/2018. Physical (compaction) and chemical evaluations of the soil were made during soybean implantation and harvest. The phytotechnical components (number of grains per plant, plant height, pods per plant and branches numbers) were also evaluated in 10 random plants of each plot. At harvest, grain yield was determined using the information generated by the John Deere 670 harvester GPS system. The different soil tillage systems provided decompression and resulted in the highest nutrient accumulation in the soil profile. The use of 5 Mg ha-1 limestone + 3 Mg ha-1 of poultry litter incorporated at 38 cm + 2 Mg ha-1 gypsum surface and scarification at 45 cm slowed the base saturation gradient in the soil profile, and showed an increase of 634 kg ha¹ of soybean in the first year of cultivation, when compared to no-tillage with the addition of 5 Mg ha-1 of limestone on the surface.