IDEOLOGIAS LINGUÍSTICAS E HISTORICIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DE DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS SOBRE O ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS INDÍGENAS NO BRASIL

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the linguistic ideologies present in official documents that guide education in Brazil, more specifically the sections that address how the languages of Indigenous peoples are approached in these documents. To this end, the documents are analyzed from a historical perspective, seeking to construct a timeline that covers the period from the 18th to the 21st century and their respective social and political contexts. The analysis shows that, in the past, schools were used as instruments of cultural and linguistic assimilation of Indigenous peoples, especially during processes of catechization and forced integration. However, since the 1988 Federal Constitution, a significant change has been observed in educational policies, which began to recognize the linguistic and cultural diversity of Indigenous peoples, as well as their right to differentiated education, adapted to the cultural specificities, knowledge, and histories of each group, including bilingual education and the use of mother tongues in the educational process. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding the implementation of these policies, considering that many Indigenous languages are in vulnerable situations due to the reduced number of speakers and difficulties in intergenerational transmission. Therefore, it is concluded that important advances have been made in recognizing Indigenous linguistic rights, but significant challenges remain to ensure the effective preservation and appreciation of these languages within the Brazilian educational context.