INTEGRAÇÃO DE BIOESTIMULANTES E ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL NA MODULAÇÃO DA BIOLOGIA DO SOLO E NO DESEMPENHO DO FEIJOEIRO (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of molasses + amino acids on soil enzyme activity and productive aspects of common bean. The experiment was conducted using common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cultivar Pérola, subjected to the following treatments: T1 – sterile soil; T2 – sterile soil with 100% mineral fertilization; T3 – sterile soil with 50% mineral fertilization; T4 – sterile soil with 100% mineral fertilization + molasses and amino acids; T5 – sterile soil with 50% mineral fertilization + molasses and amino acids. Soil enzymatic activity was evaluated by quantifying enzymes indicative of nutrient cycling, using rhizosphere samples analyzed in the laboratory according to standardized colorimetric protocols. Productive performance was assessed through agronomic variables such as final stand, plant height, number of pods, grain mass, and estimated yield. The relationship between enzymatic activity and productive performance was statistically analyzed to understand the influence of management practices on soil biological dynamics and crop yield. Treatment T2 (100% mineral fertilization) promoted the greatest increases in shoot and root biomass at 30 and 90 days after planting, demonstrating a strong response of common bean to adequate nutritional management. Treatment T5 (50% mineral fertilization + biostimulant) showed root performance equivalent to or superior to full fertilization, indicating potential for reducing chemical fertilizer use. Treatments T4 and T5 exhibited higher soil enzymatic activity (arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, and β-glucosidase), reflecting greater nutrient cycling intensity and biological activity. Initial germination was faster in treatment T3 (50% fertilization), reaching 75% at 3 days after sowing (DAS) and 100% at 7 DAS. The integration of mineral fertilization and biostimulants demonstrated that it is possible to maintain high agronomic performance while stimulating soil biological activity.