NEMATOLOGIA AGRÍCOLA - FUNDAMENTOS E MANEJO DE FITONEMATOIDES

Abstract

This work presents a comprehensive review of phytonematodes, nematodes that parasitize plants and are among the main agents of economic losses in agriculture. Initially, the origin and evolution of studies on these organisms is discussed, highlighting the main species of agricultural importance and differentiating free-living nematodes from phytoparasites. Several genera of phytopathological relevance are described, such as Meloidogyne, Heterodera, and Pratylenchus, with an emphasis on their biological characteristics and the impact they have on crops. Taxonomic classification is discussed based on anatomical and physiological aspects, highlighting morphological differences between genera. Key biological aspects are also presented, including infestation symptoms, life cycle, reproduction, ecological interactions, and soil survival mechanisms, as well as the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on population development. Furthermore, the study describes diagnostic methods and control strategies, highlighting integrated management practices and technological innovations aimed at reducing the damage caused. Finally, the importance of sustainability and future trends in the management of plant nematodes is emphasized, considering the need for agricultural practices that combine economic efficiency and environmental preservation.It is believed that this material is of great value for the study of Phytonematology in Agronomy courses and related areas.