ANÁLISE DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMA DE ARMAZENAMENTO DE ENERGIA (BESS) COM USINA SOLAR PARA INJEÇÃO NO HORÁRIO DE PONTA

Abstract

Solar generation is intermittent and non-controllable, as it depends on solar radiation, which varies throughout the day and according to seasonality. In general, the generation peak occurs between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., while the peak electricity consumption, known as the peak-hour period, is concentrated between 6 p.m. and 9 p.m., creating a structural mismatch between supply and demand. During this period, the cost of energy is significantly higher due to the activation of thermoelectric power plants and the high system load. Since photovoltaic generation does not occur during peak hours, consumers in Group A face limitations in fully offsetting their consumption during this period, reducing the economic effectiveness of traditional distributed generation. Given this scenario, this work aims to analyze the economic feasibility of implementing a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), with and without a photovoltaic power plant, focusing on strategic energy storage and injection during peak hours. The study was developed based on 12 months of real consumption data from a consumer unit in the A4 tariff group. The BESS was sized according to the load profile, the peak-hour period, and technical parameters such as efficiency, depth of discharge, and degradation. The economic financial analysis included the initial investment (CAPEX), net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. The results show that all scenarios present positive economic feasibility, with payback ranging from 3 to 4 years. Systems charged from the grid exhibit lower CAPEX and higher initial return rates, while scenarios charged by the photovoltaic plant demonstrate greater cumulative returns over the 15-year analysis period due to the elimination of charging costs. Furthermore, scenarios with greater storage capacity show better energy performance and greater value generation compared to alternatives with smaller capacity, even when considering degradation effects. Thus, it is concluded that the integration of BESS and photovoltaic generation proves to be a technically and economically attractive solution for Group A consumers, particularly for mitigating costs during peak hours, increasing energy autonomy, and improving the efficiency of solar energy use. The study provides practical insights to support decision-making and planning in hybrid generation and storage projects within the Brazilian regulated market.