FATORES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS ASSOCIADOS COM A COMPETÊNCIA MOTORA DE CRIANÇAS: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA

Abstract

Motor competence (MC) is an important indicator of child development and is influenced by biological, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors. This study aimed to narratively analyze the main factors associated with motor competence in children. A narrative literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS databases, with no time restrictions and including studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Observational and quasi-experimental studies evaluating children aged 2 to 10 years using validated instruments (TGMD, KTK, M-ABC, and BOT-2) were included. The results indicate that MC is influenced by multiple variables, particularly age, sex, nutritional status, body composition, physical activity level, and sedentary behavior. Children with overweight, low levels of physical activity, and increased screen time tend to show lower MC scores, while older age, adequate weight, and greater engagement in physical activity are associated with better motor performance. The role of the school and family environment in promoting opportunities for movement is also highlighted. In conclusion, MC results from the dynamic interaction between individual and environmental factors. Promoting movement opportunities and active environments from early childhood is essential to enhance overall development, increase participation in physical activities, and prevent obesity.