BIOSSURFACTANTES E SUAS APLICAÇÕES NA INDÚSTRIA DE BIOINSUMOS

Abstract

Biosurfactants are microbial-derived molecules with surfactant properties that have shown increasing importance in the bioinput industry. Unlike synthetic surfactants, these compounds exhibit low toxicity, high biodegradability, and can be produced from agro-industrial residues, representing an environmentally sustainable alternative. This study discusses the structural and functional diversity of biosurfactants, their main classes and mechanisms of action, as well as the microorganisms most commonly used in their production. In addition, it analyzes their multiple applications, especially in the agricultural sector, where they can act as biocontrol agents, plant growth promoters, and natural emulsifiers in bioinput formulations. Their potential uses in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and environmental bioremediation industries are also explored. Despite the advances, challenges remain regarding production scalability, process costs, and regulatory barriers. It is concluded that biosurfactants represent a promising technology to replace conventional chemical inputs, aligning scientific innovation, sustainability, and the development of new solutions for agriculture and the bioinput industry in Brazil and worldwide.