ARQUITETURA DA INOVAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE RELACIONAL DO MARCO LEGAL DA CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO

Abstract

This study analyzes the Legal Framework for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MLCTI), understood as the most significant legislative reform of Brazil’s National Innovation System (SNI). Starting from a historical analysis of the country's legislative path, the research investigates the rationale and motivations behind the broad normative changes, addressing the paradox of a nation with high scientific production but low conversion into technological innovation. The main objective is to conduct a relational analysis of the various amended laws, demonstrating that the reform was not a set of isolated adjustments but rather a systemic and intentional intervention. The methodology adopted is qualitative in nature, based on bibliographic review and documentary analysis of laws, reports, and official opinions. The analysis reveals that the legal changes were designed to unlock, in a coordinated manner, three interdependent axes that limited the advancement of innovation in the country: the human factor, the operational factor, and the financial/structural factor. It is concluded that the MLCTI succeeded in creating a more modern and secure legal architecture, representing an indispensable step forward. However, its practical effectiveness remains constrained by complex challenges, ranging from factors external to the law, such as funding instability, to market barriers, such as the low demand for cooperation from the productive sector, and structural frailties of key mechanisms like the Technological Innovation Centers (NITs). It is clear, therefore, that the law is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the transformation of the Brazilian innovation ecosystem.