IMPACTO DA LIMPEZA E DESINFECÇÃO NA BIOSSEGURIDADE EM GRANJAS AVÍCOLAS

Abstract

Brazilian poultry farming stands out in the global agribusiness sector due to its rapid production cycle, intensive system, and high animal density, factors that increase the susceptibility of flocks to sanitary challenges. The presence of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa represents a constant threat, potentially causing disease outbreaks, productivity losses, and significant economic damage. In this context, the rigorous implementation of cleaning and disinfection (C&D) protocols, integrated into a comprehensive biosecurity program, is essential for maintaining poultry health. This literature review aimed to compile and critically analyze the strategies, disinfectant agents, and standard operating procedures used for C&D in poultry facilities, correlating them with biosecurity measures. The methodology consisted of a systematic search in scientific databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, SciELO), current legislation from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, and technical manuals. The main findings confirm that the effectiveness of the C&D process is hierarchical and sequential. First, the complete mechanical removal of organic matter (litter, feathers, feed) is a fundamental step to prevent the inactivation of disinfectants. Subsequently, wet cleaning with pressurized water and detergents is crucial for reducing the initial microbial load. Afterwards, the application of broadspectrum disinfectants—such as quaternary ammonium compounds, aldehydes, phenols, and sodium hypochlorite—at the appropriate concentration, contact time, and volume proves essential for the inactivation of persistent pathogens. The study also highlights that downtime between flocks is an indispensable complementary practice to break the biological cycle of infectious agents. In parallel, barrier-type biosecurity measures, such as the effective installation and maintenance of footbaths and wheelbaths, traffic control, and vector management, reinforce the protection of the production environment. It is concluded that the synergy between efficient C&D procedures, carried out in a precise chronological order, and a strategic biosecurity plan—along with staff training—forms the basis for the sustainability and competitiveness of poultry production