GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Phaseolus vulgaris COM NITRETO DE CARBONO

Abstract

Agriculture plays a fundamental role in Brazil, contributing to job creation, food production, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. Common bean, a staple food in the Brazilian diet, stands out for its nutritional value. Nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative alternative to optimize agricultural production, showing promising results in crop yield and quality. This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of the nanomaterial graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) on seed germination and seedling growth of three common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties (Carioca, Preto, and Pitanga). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg L⁻¹) and four replicates with 300 seeds per variety. The experiment was carried out in stages; the synthesis of g-C₃N₄ was ocurred in the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Goiano Federal Institute, Ceres Campus, Goiás State (GO), Brazil, and its characterization was carried out in partnership with the University of Brasília. The germination and seedling growth assessments were carried out at the LabSem of the cited Institute doing daily evaluations until the tenth day. The evaluated variables included nanomaterial characterization, seed germination, germination speed, growth of normal seedlings (shoot and root length), fresh and dry biomass, and the presence of terpenoids. Lower doses favored germination and initial growth of the Carioca and Pitanga varieties, while higher dose concentrations induced phytotoxic effects, increasing seed mortality and dormancy. The results indicate that g-C₃N₄ has potential for agricultural use, provided that varietal characteristics and appropriate dosages are considered, highlighting the need for careful management to avoid negative impacts.