GUIA DE NEMATOIDES: DIAGNÓSTICO, ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO E USO COMO BIOINDICADORES

Abstract

Phytonematodes are microscopic worms that are a concern for global agriculture, as these organisms can cause severe damage to agricultural crops, compromising plant development and resulting in significant economic losses. The present study sought to provide a technical guide for the identification of the main genera of phytonematodes, addressing their morphological characteristics and their impacts on affected crops, and its ecological role as a bioindicator of anthropogenic disturbance. The genres covered were: Aphelenchoides, Bursaphelenchus, Criconemella, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, Scutellonema, Tylenchulus and Xiphinema, highlighting their biological particularities and typical symptoms in host plants. Considering that the correct identification of pathogens is essential for the planning and adoption of efficient control measures, contributing to greater agricultural productivity and sustainability. The study presents strategies that can be used to control nematodes, highlighting the importance of implementing integrated nematode management (INM). In addition to phytonematodes, the study also explores free-living nematodes (Acrobeles, Discolaimus, Mononchus and Diphtherophora), highlighting their importance as bioindicators of soil quality. The material developed is a practical tool for students, researchers and professionals interested in nematology, offering support in the identification of phytopathogenic nematodes and in decision-making in the field.