CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PLANTA E CULTIVO IN VITRO DE Vanilla sp.

Abstract

Vanilla sp. (orchid) is popularly known as Vanilla and has economic importance due to the delicacies that can be marketed and also as ornamental plants. Micropropagation is an artificial way to assist in the cultivation which can help in the success of the planting of Vanilla sp. Above all, there is a lack of work that associates the cultivation of Vanilla sp in micropropagation, which justifies studies and production of works that address this topic. Therefore, as general objectives of the work is to describe the morphology of the plant Vanilla sp in a way that the sprouting, the development of the in vitro cultivation of the plant and as specific objectives one has, to characterize the vegetative and reproductive process of the plant, to carry out a survey that evaluate the contamination rate in the culture media, characterize the types of contaminants, determine survival and rooting rates as well as identify the sprouting rate. As a methodology of the work, first, there was the characterization of the orchids in which four samples with four different treatments were used, and thus the morphological analysis was carried out, in addition to the anatomical description, the middle third of the plants was used and the measurement of the length of the plants was performed. leaves, fruits and internodes. Subsequently, the in vitro inoculation of the specimens was carried out, in which there was asepsis, the in vitro establishment so that the culture media were T0 (sucrose water, agar and activated charcoal); 100% (T1), 75% (T2), 50% (T3); 25% (T4) of the concentration of macro and micronutrients, plus 100 mg L-1 of half-inositol-, Agar-agar at 5.0 g L-1 and sucrose at 30 g L-1; and activated carbon at 1.0 g L-1. The pH was changed to 5.2. As a result, the fruits measured 2.0 cm transversally and 12.0 cm in length, so six fruits were collected wrapped in wet paper towels and it was observed that at low temperature the ripening was continuous, but minimized. Concerning the in vitro culture, there were manifestations of contaminating agents in all treatments. The root rate occurred only in the T1 medium with 50%. In relation to sprouting, it was non-existent and the survival rate only T4 was not successful. Finally, no bacteria were identified. Finally, it can be seen that the relevance of studying the cultivation of Vanilla sp., since the importance of certain mycorrhizas in their symbiosis relationship was noticeable.