PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PEEL, SEED AND PULP OF BANHA-DE-GALINHA (Swartzia parvipetala), FRUIT FROM THE CERRADO

Abstract

Background of the research. The study focuses on Swartzia parvipetala, commonly known as Banha-de-Galinha, a native fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado. This species remains scientifically underexplored with no consolidated information. Existing research highlights the bioactive and therapeutic properties of other species from the Swartzia spp., but there is a gap in knowledge regarding the composition and applicability of this particular fruit. This study aims to fill that gap by providing information on the proximate composition, technological characteristics, phytochemical properties, and antibacterial capabilities of the fruit's peel, seed, and pulp fractions. Experimental approach. This work is a descriptive study based on widely used experimental methodologies conducted with three fractions of the Banha-de-Galinha fruit. Samples were collected, frozen, dehydrated, ground, and subjected to various analyses to evaluate their chemical composition, technological properties, presence of bioactive compounds, and antibacterial activity. Statistical methods, such as ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, were applied to validate the results. Results and conclusions. The study revealed that the peel, seed, and pulp fractions of Swartzia parvipetala have distinct characteristics in their chemical composition and technological possibilities. Analyses indicated high fiber content, significant moisture, and water absorption capacity. The presence of bioactive compounds, such as saponins and tannins, was identified, although none of the fractions demonstrated antibacterial activity under the evaluated conditions. These results reinforce the fruit's nutritional and functional potential, as well as its applicability in various sectors, such as food and industry. The study also highlights the need for additional research to further explore and optimize the fruit's use in specific formulations. Scientific novelty and contribution. This research provides a novel and detailed analysis of the composition and properties of Banha-de-Galinha, significantly contributing to the scientific knowledge of native Cerrado species. In addition to emphasizing the importance of this fruit, the study promotes its sustainable use and valorization as a potential nutritional, therapeutic, and industrial resource.