AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE LUZ SOB O DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS DE Pereskia aculeata Mill.

Abstract

Pereskia aculeata Mill. It is a plant species of the cactus family, and the foliage is the edible part, which has a high content of protein, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber. Light is an essential source of energy for the development of the plant and therefore, the quality of light that the plant receives helps in the natural processes of growth, flowering and fruiting, depending on the wavelength that the plant needs for a given step. The aim of this study was to analyze the leaves of P. aculeata produced by the plant under different light beams with the aim of evaluating the influence of light at different wavelengths on plant development and the production of bioactive compounds. Treatments were performed with LED lamps in different spectral ranges: red (600–700 nm), blue (400 490 nm), white (400–700 nm), a combination of red and blue, in a 1:1 ratio; and two treatments without the addition of artificial light, one inside the greenhouse (DCV) and the other outside the greenhouse (FCV). To evaluate the potential of the treatments carried out, the biometric, physical-chemical and thermal characteristics, color parameters, concentration of total bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The leaves of P. aculeata were lyophilized where an average yield of 50% was obtained for the treatments that received artificial light, with the exception of the DCV treatment, which obtained a lower yield, around 15.96% of dry mass. All lyophilized samples showed pH from 4.96 to 5.09, total soluble solids from 0.60 to 0.87 °Brix, titratable acidity from 1.27 to 2.10% and water activity from 0.49 to 0. 66. The color parameters evaluated indicated that the samples were green and yellowish green. Thermal characterization presents curves with an exothermic profile indicating the degradation of the samples in FCV, blue and white treatments. In the proximal composition analyses, moisture values of 3.77g/100g were found in the DCV treatment and 5.0 g/100 g for the blue, gray of 17.98 g/100 g for the DCV treatment and 19.15 g/ 100 g red/blue, 3.29 g/100 g lipids for red and 2.73 g/100 g for FCV proteins with 28.35 g/100 g for red and 21.52 17 g/100 g red/blue , crude fiber of 32.89 g/100 g for red and 28.77 g/100 g for red/blue, carbohydrates of 23.00 g/100g for red/blue and 11.00 g/100 g for red, caloric value 212 g/100 g for CVD and 199.82 g/100 g for FCV. For mineral content, the blue treatment showed the highest value for phosphorus (0.65 g/100g), potassium (10.13 g/100g), calcium (27.25 g/100g), magnesium (9.79 g/100g), iron (0.04 g/100g), copper (0.01 g/100g) and boron (0.02 g/100g). As for the chlorophyll content, the CVD (29.75 mg/100g), white (28.74 mg/100g) and red (28.27 mg/100g) treatments showed higher values than the other treatments. The treatment with the highest concentration of total carotenoids was the red one (5.88 mg/100g) and for the pheophytin content, the blue treatment (32.81 mg/100g) had the highest chlorophyll degradation value. P. aculeata has been shown to be a plant rich in antioxidant compounds, the analyzes of phenolic compounds showed 418.77 g EAG/100 g for the hydroethanolic extract for the CVD treatment, the DPPH analyzes showed high antioxidant activity for the red treatments (34 .76 μg/mL) and CVD (36.60 μg/mL), ABTS showed the highest antioxidant activity for CVD (46.58 μM trolox/g) and FRAP showed the greatest reduction for the blue treatment (0.074 mg AG/g). Samples from the CVD treatment showed the highest value of vitamin C (24.38mg/100g). The quality of light for P. aculeata, demonstrates that the length of blue and red light corroborate the development of the plant through the wavelength absorbed by the leaves, favoring the obtaining of greater amounts of bioactive compounds, on the other hand, the CVD treatment presents parameters that the plant manages to develop with the reduction of luminosity, making it possible to plant it indoors.