NÍVEIS DE FÓSFORO VIA FOLIAR NA CULTURA DA SOJA

Abstract

Soybean is one of the most cultivated agricultural crops in the world, being an important source of protein, having as main by-products soy oil, bran and biodiesel. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and productive characteristics of soybean crop submitted to different times and doses of phosphorus foliar application. The design used was a randomized block composed of 10 treatments (T1: Witness, T2: 200 g ha-1 of P2O5 in V5, T3: 200 g ha-1 of P2O5 in R2, T4: 300 g ha-1 of P2O5 in V5, T5: 300 g ha-1 of P2O5 in R2, T6: 400 g ha-1 of P2O5 in V5, T7: 400 g ha-1 of P2O5 in R2, T8: 200 g ha-1 of P2O5 in V5 and 200 g ha-1 of P2O5 in R2, T9: 300 g ha-1 of P2O5 in V5 and 300 g ha-1 of P2O5 in R2 and T10: 400 g ha-1 of P2O5 in V5 and 400 g ha-1 of P2O5 in R2) with four replicates. Two crops were made. The variables analyzed were: plant height (PH), first pod height (HP), number of reproductive nodes in the main stem (NR1), number of reproductive nodes in the lateral stems (NR2), number of total reproductive nodes (NRT), number of pods in the main stem (NPMS), number of pods on the side stems (NPSS), number of grains per pod (NGP), mass of one thousand grains (M1000) and productivity (PROD). The statistical analysis showed significant difference for the variables number of pods in the main stem (34.91), in the 2022/2023 crop and plant height (0.97 m) and mass of thousand grains (149.69 g), in the 2023/2024 crop. Thus, in similar conditions, it is recommended to use for the cultivar Neo 790 IPRO (harvest 2022/2023), 400 g ha-1 of P2O5 in R2 and, for the cultivar Neo 820 IPRO (harvest 2023/2024), 300 g ha1 of P2O5 in V5 and 300 g ha-1 of P2O5 in R2, from foliar compost, to achieve higher yields.