MAPEAMENTO ESPAÇO TEMPORAL DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO ESTADO TRÓFICO DOS CORPOS HÍDRICOS

Abstract

This study highlights the importance of monitoring water quality and utilizing tools to assess the environmental health of water bodies. Considering the high costs and spatial temporal limitations associated with in situ monitoring, remote sensing techniques have been widely employed to estimate the trophic state of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this project was to map land use and land cover in the Verdão and Bois river basins, evaluating their influence on the trophic state of water bodies. To achieve this, land use and cover data provided by the MapBiomas platform, covering the period from 1985 to 2021, were used alongside orbital data from the WPM sensor of the CBERS-4A satellite, accessed through the INPE platform. The trophic state index (TSI), proposed by Carlson (1977), was calculated based on the relationship between spectral reflectance and chlorophyll-a concentration, following models described in the literature (Wang et al., 2008). The methodology adopted a bibliographic and descriptive approach to analyze the influence of anthropogenic activities related to land use on water quality and the trophic state of rivers. The main results indicate that during the rainy season, chlorophyll-a levels and the TSI exceeded the established limits, demonstrating a significant influence of land use on water quality. However, the analysis presented limitations due to the restricted use of satellite images and the absence of direct water quality assessments. It is recommended to increase the temporal resolution of analyses to enable more detailed evaluations of both water and soil. Additionally, aligning **in situ** monitoring with satellite-based methods is crucial to achieve more accurate and reliable results, potentially reducing the need for local monitoring in the future. In conclusion, monitoring the trophic state using satellite imagery is a feasible approach. However, continuous improvement requires integrating in situ methods to ensure precision and support future validations. The implementation of robust environmental monitoring systems is essential to mitigate impacts on river basins and promote their sustainable management.