ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DO BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO DOS ESTADOS DA BAHIA, TOCANTINS, GOIÁS E DISTRITO FEDERAL: SÉRIE HISTÓRICA 2011-2020

Abstract

Irrigation has been used in rural settlements in Brazil to ensure greater food production and increase income generation for settled families. To this, the climatological water balance (BHC) is a method used to determine the amount of water that plants need for their growth and development, based on climate data such as rainfall, evapotranspiration and air temperature. Considering this, this study aimed to perform a spatiotemporal analysis of the climatological water balance of the states of Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás and the Federal District, Brazil, as a subsidy for planning irrigation on rural properties. This study was also integrated into the purposes of the partnership established between the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform INCRA and the Goiano Federal Institute within the scope of TED 001-DD/20, for the preparation of studies, research and other technical information, with the purpose of supporting land regularization actions in the states. Thus, implementing public policies through actions that contribute to fostering sustainable development, in the social, economic and environmental context. The mapping of the available water capacity in the soil and the normal climatological water balance (BHC) of the abovementioned federative units was carried out. To map the average available water capacity using the open-access software Rstudio R4.1.2 between the years 2011 and 2020. The maps of the result of the climatic water deficit (percentage of storage in relation to the available storage capacity) were plotted. In addition, the average monthly normal BHC was calculated for the years 2011 and 2020, according to the Thornthwaite and Mather methodology of the year 1955. The analysis of water incidence in the states of Goiás, Tocantins, Distrito Federal and Bahia reveals distinct seasonal patterns, with greater precipitation between December and April in Tocantins and Distrito Federal, and regional variations in Bahia, highlighting the need for strategic water planning. From June to October, the reduction in rainfall in Goiás, Tocantins and the Federal District, in contrast to the water stability of Bahia, requires regional approaches to water management. The implementation of planned irrigation systems is essential to ensure the production quality and the economic resilience of rural producers in the face of seasonal variations.