IMPACTOS DE CULTURAS CONSORCIADAS E BIOATIVADOR NO MILHO SAFRINHA SOBRE FITONEMATOIDES, FUNGOS DO SOLO E COMPONENTES DE PRODUTIVIDADE

Abstract

Cover crops have beneficial effects on soil biological and pathogenic attributes, but there are still few studies evaluating these effects on intercropping systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cover crops mixtures intecropped with second harvest corn on attributes of soil biological quality and its relation with beneficial and pathogenic fungi. The experiments were carried out in Rio Verde - GO, in three subsequent experiments with two main crops (corn and soybean). The experiments were in RBD in factorial arrangement of 5 (consortium) x 2 (biotivator) with 4 replications. Plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry matter of shoot and root, a, b and total chlorophyll, ear length and diameter, liquid and gross weight of one thousand kernels, net and gross total weight, humidity percentage, corn and soybean yield and population fluctuation of phytopathogens and antagonistic fungi were assessed. The observed means were analyzed and compared by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05). In the first and second corn crop, the intercropping system with Crotalaria spectabilis stood out from the other consortia and was matched with the control in all analyzed morphometric variables. In the soybean crop, the treatment that stood out was the one with the plant mix straw composed of corn + C. spectabilis + millet + C. ochroleuca + Fagopyrum esculentum + Eleusine coracana. The corn productivity in both years was affected by cover crops however, the soybean crop offset this yield loss, where the yields under some cover crops straw surpassed the control without any one. The Penergetic® bioactivator showed to be efficient as morphometric variables however the product may have favored the phytonematodes multiplication, as well as the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma spp.