IMPACTOS E MÉTODOS DE CONTROLE DE NEMATÓIDES NA FRUTICULTURA BRASILEIRA

Abstract

Brazil is one of the largest fruit producers in the world, but has faced a major problem with phytoparasites known as nematodes, which have caused great damage to fruit cultivation. Despite the favorable edaphic-climatic conditions for the cultivation of fruit trees, infestations by phytonematodes have hampered the production of the main crops such as banana, citrus, guava, pineapple, passion fruit, among others. In this sense, this work aimed to present the impacts of nematode attacks on fruit trees, as well as to bring management alternatives so that there is knowledge about the ways to control phytonematodes and that professionals integrate these available techniques, in a to make management more efficient and consequently increase productivity. The work consists of a literature review, where the content collected was based on national and international journals. Among the phytonematodes that cause the most damage to fruit production in Brazil, we can highlight those of the genus Meloidogyne spp., which form root galls, and Pratylenchus spp., which causes root lesions, both of which can lead to plant death. Crop rotation, green manure, chemical control and biological control are some of the alternatives for managing these phytonematodes that can promote the recovery of the biological and physical components of the soil, which are increasingly valued, as the increase in the diversity of soil biota soil reduces problems and damage caused by phytopathogens. Although there are studies on methods of controlling phytonematodes in fruit trees, it is still necessary to carry out more studies in field conditions to optimize the use of these techniques and make them increasingly effective, thus increasing the productivity of Brazilian fruit trees.