IDENTIFICANDO LACUNAS SOBRE O CONHECIMENTO DA CITOGENÉTICA DOS PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS DE GOIÁS

Abstract

The Cerrado biome, recognized for its vast diversity and endemism across various biotic groups, is facing significant threats due to ongoing alterations of natural habitats. Additionally, there are threats such as inadequate sampling and still incipient identification of species, especially among small mammals. In order to identify possible sampling and cytogenetic gaps in the state of Goiás, this study proposes a bibliographic survey on databases such as Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science, aiming to identify existing studies describing the karyotypes of these animals in Goiás. In this search, combinations of keywords such as species name followed by the words karyotype or cytogenetics were used. 400 documents were found, which, after screening, reduced to 80 documents. The data found in these articles were compiled into a spreadsheet containing the following parameters: collection location, number of chromosomes, and fundamental number of chromosomal arms. Among the 54 species of the Didelphimorphia and Rodentia genera recorded in the state of Goiás, there are 21 species for which karyotypes have not been described for the regions of the state of Goiás. The lack of published cytogenetic data in various regions of Goiás highlights the need for new inventory studies, including specimen collections and cytogenetic analyses. Cytogenetics in small mammalian rodents plays a crucial role in genetic research and understanding evolution. This field of study is essential for elucidating the structure and composition of chromosomes and is commonly used for identifying specimens of interest. Classic cytogenetic techniques, such as Giemsa staining and G and C banding methods, are widely employed in this area. G-banding, the predominant technique, is particularly useful for detecting chromosomal rearrangements, such as deletions and translocations, providing a detailed view of the chromosomes. On the other hand, C-banding, though less common, allows the identification of heterochromatic regions, offering additional information about chromosomal structure. These classic cytogenetic methodologies are essential for obtaining precise and detailed data, significantly contributing to the advancement of knowledge about the genetics and evolution of small mammalian rodents.