CONTROLE DE FUNGOS FITOPATOGÊNICOS POR MEIO DA VALIDAÇÃO DE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS (ENSAIO IN VITRO)

Abstract

Currently, one of the greatest challenges for the scientific community has been finding ways to control microorganisms in agriculture, among which phytopathogenic fungi stand out. These fungi affect productivity, causing significant economic losses. Therefore, producers use chemical agents over time, due to their short-term efficiency, without controlling these phytopathogens. However, the use of pesticides establishes a source of contamination for fauna and flora, in addition to posing risks to human health. In this scenario, essential oils emerge as a promising alternative, highlighting a fungitoxic potential derived from secondary metabolite compounds of medicinal or aromatic plants, in other words, these specific plants are a possibility for advancing the use of cultivation systems that are cultivated for natural biological control. In view of this, the need for more in-depth studies in the search for a natural and efficient fungicide as a tool to control the action of phytopathogenic fungi is evident. For this reason and gaps found in research in this regard, the present study aims to contribute to the scientific community and producers in the region by demonstrating in vitro test results of four essential oils in five genus of phytopathogenic fungi. In table 1, there was control over the superior growth (P<0.05) of colonies of the genus Fusarium sp., on the first and second day with isolated oils (cinnamon, clove and oregano), whereas the result with the essential oil Blend, no difference was observed with the control group. The second table denoted the result with the genus Ovulariopsis sp., which demonstrated growth control at 24h and 48h, with the isolated oils, however, there was no considerable difference for the treatment with the essential oil blend. However, in the third table, the fungus of the genus Malbranchea sp., had a different behavior, as, at 24h, there was no difference between the treatment with the oils and the control group, however, at 48h, there was a superior effect. of clove, oregano and blend oils, but cinnamon oil demonstrated the same results as the negative control group. At 72h, all oils were superior to the control group (P<0.05). In tables 4 and 5, the treatment was carried out with the genus Penicilium sp., and Aspergillus sp., showing control over the growth of the diameter of these colonies, which represents a promising result given that these genus of phytopathogenic fungi are sporulated, of rapid proliferation.