SISTEMA DESCENTRALIZADO DE ESGOTAMENTO SANITÁRIO: SOLUÇÃO PARA ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS

Abstract

Sanitation, in general and in its derivations, in rural areas, for example, is a complex area that involves different aspects, presenting problems, such as the use of outdated alternatives for access to services, which culminate in damage to people and the environment, bringing waterborne diseases and pollution. These problems are related to some factors such as spatial issues, the divergent realities between the federative units themselves and the regions of Brazil and the lack of prestige of rural areas for investments. As a solution to this, there are decentralized measures that enable greater availability, security and fewer difficulties regarding distances, for the reality of settlements. The objective of this work was to design a system aimed at sanitary sewage for homes in the Rio Verdinho and Pontal do Buriti settlements, in Rio Verde-GO, consisting of a septic tank, anaerobic filter and circle of banana trees, covering the sizing, budget and technical and economic feasibility. The methodology consisted of calculating the devices and pipes dimension, based on standards and making the necessary adaptations, carrying out the quantity of materials for set implantation, stipulation of the cost per stage and total for implantation through a spreadsheet used for price reference, the unencumbered SINAPI table for the month of May 2023 and research on sites, in addition to the analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of the steps. The main results obtained were main pipes of 100 mm in diameter, volume of 1500 liters for the septic tank, 1000 liters for the anaerobic filter, in addition to the circle of banana trees with 2 meters in diameter and 0,8 meters deep. For the budget, the total amount obtained was R$ 5,092.09 for a residence with three people. As for the viability of the stages, the use of machinery bringing greater speed and less physical effort from workers is a positive point, on the other hand, freight rates and the interference of market issues in the price of materials are negative points. Therefore, the system is a viable alternative to be implemented, mainly due to the less laborious construction process and more affordable cost compared to traditional methods, with implementation being able to be facilitated if there is support from competent bodies, in addition to resulting in both social and environmental benefits. The author received a grant from FUNAPE (Research Support Foundation) that helped him during his master's degree.