DINÂMICA DE NEMATOIDES NO SOLO EM FUNÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE CULTIVO TRADICIONAL E ILPF COM EUCALIPTO

Abstract

The integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLFS) system combines different crops, animal husbandry, and trees, aiming at product diversity and land use efficiency. Nematodes have characteristics that qualify them as biological indicators. Thus, the objective was to study the incidence and diversity of nematodes in the area of the ICLF system with different monocultures. Sample collections were carried out in the production areas of the Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Morrinhos. Sampling was carried out in 10 areas of different crops such as beans, soybeans, corn, vegetables, coffee, pasture, forest, sugar cane, and ICLF system with eucalyptus. Soil nematodes were extracted and analyzed under a photonic microscope. For the identification of nematodes, identification keys based on morphology were used. Nematodes were identified at the family, genus, or species level. The main phytonematodes identified were: Helicotylenchus dihystera; Criconemoids; and Pratylenchus. In all samples, free-living nematodes were found, with a higher incidence: Acrobeles, Dorylaimidae, Diphtherophora, and Malenchus. Greater diversity of nematode genera was observed in areas of coffee, sugarcane, and ICLF system, including both beneficial and phytoparasitic species. The correlation between the phytonematodes Meloidogyne and Criconemoide was positive, as these two species can coexist harmoniously due to their different food preferences. The genera Trichodorus and Acrobeles also showed a positive correlation. There were changes in nematode populations over the two years of the survey. The genera Acrobeles and Malenchus decreased, while the genera Diphtherophora and Dorilaimidae increased. In the area of the ICLF system, there was a greater diversity of free-living nematodes and fewer phytoparasitic nematodes. Free-living nematodes proved to be excellent environmental indicators within the ILPF system.