ADUBAÇÃO ANTECIPADA NA CULTURA DA SOJA NO SUDOESTE GOIANO

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) is one of the crops that most produces grains in the world, being cultivated in almost all of Brazil, reaching high levels of productivity. This crop is the main source of income for the country and rural producers, leading the ranking of most exported products for over 22 years. In recent years, it has been gaining even more space due to the almost guaranteed profitability of the crops. The Cerrados region concentrates the second largest Brazilian vegetation formation, surpassed only by the Amazon Forest. Its area of ​​approximately 163 million hectares covers 15 states and the Federal District, occupying approximately 20% of the Brazilian territory. The nutritional requirements of a crop can be met by supplying balanced doses of fertilizers, combined with the time and mode of application. Thus, such characteristics define the crop fertilization strategy, which may vary depending on soil, plant and environmental conditions. It is possible to observe, in an incipient way, the adoption of the technique known as advanced fertilization. This technique consists of anticipating the total or partial application of the recommended dose of fertilizer for the crop, at the time of fertilization of the predecessor crop. Thus, the objective of this bibliographical review was to investigate the viability of the effect of the anticipation of fertilization for the soybean crop, in the southwest region of Goiás.Early fertilization in soybean crops has been an increasingly discussed alternative that raises questions. In this form of fertilization, the recommended dose is applied in advance, partially or completely, for the main crop. In constructed fertility soils, with good levels of nutrients, fertilization must take into account the productivity expectation, and the supply of nutrients must be done according to the amount exported by the crop, aiming to maintain good levels of fertility. Above all, some precautions need to be adopted when carrying out the anticipation of fertilization. For nutrients such as Nitrogen and Potassium, because they are easily leached and drained into the soil, high doses of fertilizers may not be fully utilized by the cropping system, with significant loss of nutrients due to the influence of climatic and environmental conditions. This practice brings better results when the focus of fertilization is Phosphorus, due to its low mobility in the soil. Another advantage of early fertilization in the predecessor crop for the formation of straw for direct sowing lies in the increase of organic matter for the agroecosystem, improving soil conservation, moisture maintenance and nutrient recycling.