QUALIDADE DE GRÃOS NA COLHEITA MECANIZADA DE SOJA SOB REGULAGENS INTERNAS DE MÁQUINA

Abstract

Soybean cultivation has become one of the most important agribusiness products, representing a large part of Brazilian exports, and in this production chain, harvesting is one of the most important stages, since, if carried out at the wrong time and with the right and wrong settings can significantly increase losses. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the qualitative losses in mechanized soybean harvesting, under different concave opening settings and rotor rotation. The test was carried out in March 2022, at the Segredo farm, in Nova Crixás-GO. The design used was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of: 2 concave adjustments (12 mm and 14 mm) and two threshing rotor rotations (526 rpm and 620 rpm). To evaluate grain quality, the following response variables were used: purity, cracked grains, broken grains, bandinha grains, whole grains and field emergence. Concave opening and rotor speed affected grain quality in several parameters evaluated. The 620 rpm threshing rotor setting + 14 mm concave opening was the one that presented the highest amount of bandinha and cracked grains. The 620 rpm threshing rotor + 12 mm concave opening setting negatively affected grain emergence, denoting loss of vigor due to physical damage. The combination 526 rpm track rotor x 14 mm concave opening was the one that presented the best results for the qualitative parameters.