POTENCIAL DE EXTRATOS DE PLANTAS NO CONTROLE DE INSETOS-PRAGA: UM LEVANTAMENTO CIENCIOMÉTRICO E ANÁLISES DE EFEITOS BIOLÓGICOS DE EXTRATOS FOLIARES DE Serjania erecta Radlk EM Chrysodeixis includens

Abstract

The soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, stands out among the primary soybean pests, where it has reduced the productivity of this crop. Synthetic insecticides is the main form of control of this plague. However, such products are harmful to the environment, biodiversity, human health, and, in addition, there is a description of the selection of plague resistant to commercially available insecticides. Works involving botanical insecticides obtained from plant extracts represent an alternative in the search for new molecules with insecticidal action that cause less impact to the environment. Serjania erecta Radlk, a native species from the Cerrado domain, is rich in important bioactive compounds with different targets. The objective of this work was (i) to analyze the trend of research involving botanical insecticides in Brazil from a survey in databases; (ii) to control C. includens populations, minimizing the risks to pollinating agents, natural enemies and the environment, through the methanolic extract of Serjania erecta and (iii) to investigate the inhibition of carboxyl esterase enzymes extracted from caterpillars Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera) through exposure to the methanolic foliar extract of S. erecta. The search resulted in 93 articles, and evidenced a growth in the number of publications over the last 15 years. Diptera was the main target insect order of botanical insecticides, targeting the control of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, vectors of diseases. Insect orders that reduce crop yields showed growth in studies, such as Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Orders such as Phthiraptera, Siphonaptera and Odonata showed no increase in scientific production. The most studied botanic family in insecticide activity trials was Fabaceae, which has the highest species richness in Brazil, followed by Myrtaceae, Asteraceae and Meliaceae. The leaf extracts of S. erecta decreased the pupal weight when compared to the control treatment. Regarding the duration of larval, pupal and total development, it was observed that the treatments containing extract had the development time increased. These effects may be related to the phenolic compounds present in extracts of S. erecta, previously reported in the literature. The activity of the carboxyl esterases decreased in 41.96 and 43.43% in the concentrations of 7.8 and 15.6 g / mL extract, respectively. From the concentration of 31.3 g / mL foliar methanolic extract of S. erecta, it was not possible to detect enzymatic activity. In the presence of the extracts, a reduction of Vmax and a maintenance in the KM values occurred, which could indicate an inhibition of the mixed type, due to the present molecules present in crude extracts, that can act in the enzymatic mechanism of different forms. Thus, this work shows that botanical insecticides showed effects of repellency and acute toxicity, proving to be effective in the control of insect pests and for this reason the studies of these compounds should be 4 encouraged. In addition, the methanolic extract of S. erecta has potential to control C. includens caterpillars and has also shown inhibitory potential of carboxyl esterases.