COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E BIOATIVIDADES DE EXTRATOS PREPARADOS A PARTIR DA PARTE AÉREA DE Tradescantia pallida (COMMELINACEAE).

Abstract

The diversity of the planet's ecosystems, associated with advances in chemical and pharmacological products had stimulated the discovery of new active pharmacological products. However, there are few researches and gaps regarding the scientific knowledge of bioactive compounds produced by species from different biomes; although it has the greatest plant diversity in the world and many medicinal plants are widely known, the amount of information about these plants is still low. Tradescantia pallida, the species of this study, belongs to the Commelinaceae family with approximately 70 species. It is a species that is characterized by its easy adaptability to climatic conditions and its strong resistance to insects and parasites. Although it is also a species well known for its ability to remove volatiles, it has medicinal properties in the atmosphere due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-toxic properties and as a dilating agent that also promotes the improvement of blood circulation. Specifically in Brazil, the Tradescantia pallida Munt plant is known for its sumptuous purple leaves, popularly known in the Maranhão region as purple taboquinha. The Tradescantia genus is widely used in ornamentation throughout the country, such as pharmacologically in the Northeast region, its indication is to the treatment of rheumatism and joint pain, in which its leaves are used in the form of tincture. Considering the few chemical and objective details described in the literature, this study aims to determine the hexane compositions of the aerial part of Tradescantia pallida. In addition, their biological actions will be investigated through tests of antifungal, larvicidal and antiproliferative activities, such as infectious diseases that cause damage to health leading to death. For the development of the work, the plant extracts of T. pallida were obtained by maceration and characterized by gas chromatography GC-MS, GC-FID, and LC-ESI-MS-MS. The results of HE-TP analysis were shown to contain 16 volatile compounds, and the main components identified were: (E’) methoxykina acid (50.2%), -di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (13.7%) and epijuvabione (10.4%). The present study showed an active work of Tradescantia pallida Munt Extract, having a biotechnological potential of HE-TP against three fungi that cause damage in agriculture, being highly active against Penicillia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizopus stolonifer. At the dosage of 400 µL, it inhibited 100% of P. digitatum and mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum, in in vitro assays, in addition to 96.2% of the mycelial growth of R. stolonifer. Also, they showed positive results for HE-TP, determined by GC-MS and GC-FID, being able to exert cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines. The botanical extract of products is eco-friendly, inexpensive and can reduce post-harvest losses and pathogen growth. It is notable that plant extracts contain active compounds. On the other hand, in relation to larvicidal potential, EAE and EE showed reasonable activity due to mortality rates and low CL50 values against A. aegypti larvae. The most satisfactory activity was presented by the EAE, whose CL50 was 435.0 µg/mL and whose mortality rate was excellent, even at the lowest concentration evaluated (10 µg/mL). EE also exhibited promising value of CL50, i. e., 480.5 µg/ml. Regarding the chemical composition of EE and EAE, eight constituents were found in both: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and quercetin.that inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. In chemical composition of EE and EAE, eight were found in both: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, constituent gentisic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, derulic acid and quercetin. Keywords: Hexane extract, Penicillium digitatum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizopus stolonifer, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract.