ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DA URBANIZAÇÃO SOBRE O MICROCLIMA E AS TROCAS ENERGÉTICAS SUPERFICIAIS EM RIO VERDE - GO

Abstract

The urban environment is the main habitat of man and currently cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants are responsible for housing about 57.0% of the Brazilian population. The intense transformation process of natural environment into urban causes changes that alter the characteristics of the environment, affecting the thermal exchanges and the microclimate of the built space. This study evaluated the effects of anthropization on the microclimate and on surface energy exchanges in Rio Verde, Goiás, a Brazilian municipality with a population estimated by the IBGE at 247,259 inhabitants, which 92.7% are urban. For this, different methods were adopted: application of Remote Sensing techniques and SEBAL Algorithm (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) to estimate the net radiation components (G, H and LE) and evapotranspiration, measuring their behavior in different soil coverages. The research is justified by the search for human comfort in cities through the choice of materials and control of built, vegetated and water surfaces allied to the lack of studies applied to the analysis of surface temperature and energy balance in cities located in the Brazilian Midwest. The research aims to collaborate with the understanding of the energy balance dynamics on different surfaces and evaluate damages caused by the growth of urbanization indices. Their results indicate that the validation of evapotranspiration estimated by INMET data (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) was efficient; rainy periods impact urban surface temperature; changes in land cover promote an increase in G (Soil Heat Flow) and H (Sensitive Heat Flows) values and a reduction in Rn (Radiation Balance) and Le (Latent Heat); also SEBAL allowed the understanding of energy fractions. Finally, this study can support urban planning in promoting comfort, attenuation and control of urban microclimatic changes.